Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokunqongophala okukhulayo kwezixhobo zefosili kunye nokuwohloka kokusingqongileyo okuhlala abantu, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nokugcinwa kobutyebi obunokuhlaziywa obufana ne-biomass iye yaba yingqwalasela yophando kunye nengqalelo yezazinzulu kwihlabathi liphela.Formic acid, enye yeemveliso eziphambili kwi-biorefining, ineempawu ezingabizi kwaye kulula ukuzifumana, ezingenayo ityhefu, ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ukuhlaziya kunye nokonakala, njl. indawo yesicelo yeformic acid, kodwa ikwanceda ekusombululeni iingxaki ezithile ezixhaphakileyo kwitekhnoloji ye-biorefining yexesha elizayo. Eli phepha liphonononge ngokufutshane imbali yophando lwe formic acid ukusetyenziswa, kushwankathele inkqubela yophando yamva njeformic acid njengesixhobo esisebenzayo esineenjongo ezininzi kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada kwi-chemical synthesis kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-catalytic ye-biomass, kwaye ithelekise kwaye ihlalutye umgaqo osisiseko kunye nenkqubo ye-catalytic yokusebenzisa. formic acid kusebenze ukufezekisa ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ngokufanelekileyo. Kucaciswe ukuba uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lugxininise ekuphuculeni ukusetyenziswa kwe-asidi ye-formic kunye nokuqonda i-high selectivity synthesis, kunye nokwandisa ngakumbi intsimi yesicelo kulo siseko.
Kwi-chemical synthesis,formic acid, njengobume bendalo kunye ne-reagent multi-functional reagent, ingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa ekhethiweyo yamaqela ahlukeneyo asebenzayo. Njengesixhobo sokuhambisa i-hydrogen okanye i-arhente yokunciphisa enomxholo ophezulu we-hydrogen,formic acid ineenzuzo zokusebenza okulula kunye nokulawulwayo, iimeko ezithambileyo kunye nokukhetha okulungileyo kweekhemikhali xa kuthelekiswa ne-hydrogen yendabuko. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekunciphiseni okukhethiweyo kwe-aldehydes, i-nitro, imines, i-nitriles, i-alkynes, i-alkenes kunye nokunye ukuvelisa i-alcohols ehambelanayo, i-amines, i-alkenes kunye ne-alkanes. Kwaye i-hydrolysis kunye neqela elisebenzayo lokukhusela i-alcohols kunye ne-epoxides. Ngenxa yesibakala sokubaformic acid inokusetyenziswa njenge-C1 imathiriyeli ekrwada, njengesitshixo esisisiseko seenjongo ezininzi,formic acid Inokusetyenziswa ekunciphiseni ukwenziwa kwe-quinoline derivatives, i-formylation kunye ne-methylation ye-amine compounds, i-carbonylation ye-olefin kunye nokunciphisa i-hydration ye-alkynes kunye nezinye ii-multistage reactions tandem, eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuphumeza i-synthesis eluhlaza kunye neyona ndlela elula ye-organic and complex organic synthesis. iimolekyuli. Umceli mngeni weenkqubo ezinjalo kukufumana i-catalysts esebenzayo ngokukhetha okuphezulu kunye nomsebenzi wokuqhuba okulawulwayo. formic acid kunye namaqela athile asebenzayo. Ukongeza, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba ukusebenzisa i-asidi ye-formic njenge-C1 imathiriyeli ekrwada inokwenza ngokuthe ngqo iikhemikhali ezininzi ezinje nge-methanol ngokukhetha okuphezulu ngokusabela kwe-catalytic disproportionation.
Kwinguquko ye-catalytic ye-biomass, iipropati ezininzi ezisebenzayo zeformic acidzibonelele ngesakhono sokufezekiswa kweenkqubo ze-biorefining eziluhlaza, ezikhuselekileyo nezingabizi kakhulu. Izibonelelo zeBiomass zezona zibonelelo zikhulu nezithembisayo ezizinzileyo, kodwa ukuziguqula zibe ziifomu zezibonelelo ezisebenzisekayo kuhlala kungumngeni. Iimpawu ze-asidi kunye neempawu ezintle ze-solvent ye-asidi ye-formic zingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwezinto eziluhlaza ze-biomass ukuqonda ukuhlukana kwamacandelo e-lignocellulose kunye ne-cellulose extraction. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo ye-asidi ye-inorganic pretreatment yesiko, ineenzuzo zenqanaba eliphantsi lokubila, ukwahlukana okulula, akukho kwaziswa kwee-ion ze-inorganic, kunye nokuhambelana okuqinileyo kwiimpendulo ezisezantsi. Njengomthombo osebenzayo we-hydrogen,formic acid iye yafundwa ngokubanzi kwaye yasetyenziswa ekukhetheni ukuguqulwa kwe-catalytic ye-biomass platform compounds ukuya kwiikhemikhali zexabiso elongezelelweyo, ukuthotywa kwe-lignin kwiikhompawundi ezinuka kamnandi, kunye neenkqubo zokucokisa i-bio-oyile ye-hydrodeoxidation. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yemveli ye-hydrogenation exhomekeke kwi-H2, i-asidi ye-formic ine-conversion esebenzayo kunye neemeko zokusabela ezithambileyo. Ilula kwaye ikhuselekile, kwaye inokunciphisa ngokusebenzayo usetyenziso lwezixhobo kunye namandla obutyebi befosili kwinkqubo enxulumene nokusulungekiswa kwebhayoloji. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba ngokwenza i-depolymerizing lignin oxid informic acid isisombululo esinamanzi phantsi kweemeko ezithambileyo, isisombululo esinevumba eliphantsi lemolekyuli enomlinganiselo wobunzima obungaphezu kwama-60% unokufumaneka. Oku kufunyenweyo kuzisa amathuba amatsha okutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo kweekhemikhali ezinuka kamnandi ezinexabiso eliphezulu kwi-lignin.
Isishwankathelo, i-bio-based formic acidibonisa amandla amakhulu kwi-green organic synthesis kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-biomass, kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nenjongo ezininzi ziyimfuneko ukuphumeza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nokukhetha okuphezulu kweemveliso ekujoliswe kuzo. Okwangoku, lo mmandla wenze impumelelo ethile kwaye uphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kusekho umgama omkhulu ukusuka kwisicelo semizi-mveliso, kwaye uphononongo olongezelelweyo luyafuneka. Uphando lwexesha elizayo kufuneka lugxininise kule miba ilandelayo: (1) indlela yokukhetha isinyithi esisebenzayo esisebenzayo kunye neenkqubo zokusabela kwiimpendulo ezithile; (2) indlela yokwenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokulawulekayo i-asidi ye-formic kubukho bezinye imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nee-reagents; (3) Indlela yokuqonda indlela yokusabela kwiimpendulo ezinzima ukusuka kwinqanaba le-molecular; (4) Indlela yokuzinzisa i-catalyst ehambelanayo kwinkqubo efanelekileyo. Ukukhangela phambili kwikamva, ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zoluntu lwanamhlanje ngokusingqongileyo, uqoqosho kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, i-chemistry ye-asidi ye-formic iya kufumana ingqwalasela engakumbi kunye nophando oluvela kumashishini kunye nezemfundo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-27-2024