【Umahluko】
Iqondo lokunyibilika kwe-acetic acid ephezulu liyi-16.7 degrees, ngoko i-acetic acid iya kwenza iqhwa emva kokuba izinga lokushisa liphantsi, kwaye libizwa ngokuba yi-glacial acetic acid. I-acetic acid ligama eliqhelekileyo, linokuba nobunyulu obuphezulu, linokuba nobunyulu obuphantsi. I-acetic acid kunye ne-acetic acid ziyinto efanayo, enevumba elibukhali elibukhali, umahluko kuphela nokuba iqinile, i-acetic acid iyinto yolwelo kwiqondo lobushushu le-20 ° C, kwaye iqinile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi le-16 ° C, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-glacial acetic acid.
I-acetic acid ye-glacial (i-pure matter), oko kukuthi, i-acetic acid e-anhydrous, i-acetic acid yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo eziphilayo, i-organic compounds. Iqina ibe ngumkhenkce kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye yaziwa njenge glacial acetic acid. Ukwandiswa kwevolumu ngexesha lokuqina kunokubangela ukuba isikhongozeli sigqabhuke. I-flash point yi-39℃, umda wokuqhuma ngu-4.0% ~ 16.0%, kwaye ugxininiso oluvumelekileyo emoyeni aludluli i-25mg / m3. I-acetic acid ecocekileyo iya kukhenkceka ibe ziikristale ezinjengomkhenkce ngaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika, ngoko ke i-acetic acid ene-anhydrous ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-glacial acetic acid.
Ukongeza, i-acetic acid yeyona arhente yokuqala kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina. I-Acetic acid (36% -38%), i-glacial acetic acid (98%), i-chemical formula CH3COOH, i-organic monic acid, inxalenye ephambili yeviniga.
【 Inkqubo】
I-acetic acid ingalungiswa ngokuxutywa kokwenziwa kunye nokuvutshelwa kwebhaktheriya. I-Biosynthesis, ukusetyenziswa kwe-bacterial fermentation, i-akhawunti ye-10% kuphela yemveliso yonke yehlabathi, kodwa iseyeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuvelisa i-acetic acid, ngakumbi iviniga, kuba imimiselo yokhuseleko lokutya kumazwe amaninzi ifuna ukuba iviniga ekutyeni kufuneka ilungiswe ngu. iindlela zebhayoloji, kunye nokuvubela yahlulwe ukubilisa aerobic kunye ukubilisa anaerobic.
(1) Indlela ye-Aerobic fermentation
Xa kukho ioksijini eyaneleyo, ibhaktheriya ye-Acetobacter inokuvelisa i-acetic acid ekutya okunotywala. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-cider okanye iwayini exutywe neenkozo, i-malt, irayisi okanye iitapile iyacutywa kwaye ivundiswe. Ezi zinto zinokuvundiswa zibe yi-acetic acid xa kukho i-enzayimi ye-catalytic phantsi kwe-oxygen.
(2) indlela ye-anaerobic fermentation
Ezinye iibhaktheriya ze-anaerobic, kubandakanywa namanye amalungu eClostridium genus, ayakwazi ukuguqula iishukela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-acetic acid ngaphandle kwesidingo se-ethanol njengendawo ephakathi. I-Sucrose inokuvundiswa ibe yi-acetic acid ngokungabikho kweoksijini.
Ukongezelela, iibhaktheriya ezininzi ziyakwazi ukuvelisa i-acetic acid kwiikhompawundi ezinekhabhoni enye kuphela, njengemethanol, icarbon monoxide, okanye umxube wecarbon dioxide nehydrogen.
【 Isicelo】
1. I-acetic acid derivatives: isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-synthesis ye-acetic anhydride, i-acetate, i-terephthalic acid, i-vinyl acetate / i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-cellulose acetate, i-ketenone, i-chloroacetic acid, i-halogenated acetic acid, njl.
2. Iyeza: I-Acetic acid, njenge-solvent kunye ne-pharmaceutical material ekrwada, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso ye-penicillin G potassium, i-penicillin G yesodium, i-procaine penicillin, i-antipyretic tablets, i-sulfadiazine, i-sulfamethylisoxazole, i-norfloxacin, i-ciprofloxacin, i-acetylsalicylic acid, i-phenacetin , caffeine kunye nezinye intermediates: acetate, sodium i-diacetate, i-peracetic acid, njl
3. I-Pigment kunye ne-textile printing kunye nokudaya: isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iidayi ezisasazwayo kunye nedayi ye-VAT, kunye nokuprintwa kwempahla kunye nokulungiswa kokudaya.
4. I-synthetic ammonia: Ngendlela yobhedu lwe-acetate ammonia liquid, esetyenziselwa i-refined synthesis gas ukususa inani elincinci le-CO kunye ne-CO2 equlethwe kuyo.
5. Kwiifoto: Iresiphi yomphuhlisi
6. Kwirubha yendalo: isetyenziswe njenge-coagulant
7. Ishishini lokwakha: njenge-anticoagulant
Ukongeza, ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwamanzi, iintsinga zokwenziwa, izibulala-zinambuzane, iiplastiki, ufele, iingubo, ukusetyenzwa kwesinyithi kunye neshishini lerabha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-18-2024