Igama lekhemikhali yeiacetic acidyi-acetic acid, ifomula yeekhemikhali CH3COOH, kunye nomxholo we-99% we-acetic acid ukhazimliswa kwimilo yomkhenkce ngaphantsi kwe-16 ° C, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-acetic acid ye-glacial. I-acetic acid ayinambala, i-soluble yamanzi, inokuxutywa namanzi kuyo nayiphi na imilinganiselo, i-volatile, i-asidi e-organic acid.
Njenge-asidi ephilayo, i-acetic acid ayisetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kwi-organic synthesis, i-organic chemical industry, ukutya, amayeza kunye namanye amashishini, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukuhlamba kunye nokudaya ishishini.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid kwishishini lokuhlamba kunye nokudaya
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I-Acid yokunyibilika umsebenzi we-acetic acid ekususeni amabala
I-acetic acid njengeviniga ephilayo, inokunyibilikisa i-tannic acid, i-asidi yeziqhamo kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-asidi eziphilayo, amabala engca, amabala ejusi (afana nokubila kweziqhamo, ijusi yevatala, incindi yetumata, ijusi yesiselo esithambileyo, njl. njl.), amabala amayeza, itshilisi i-oyile kunye namanye amabala, la mabala aqulethe izithako ze-vinegar ephilayo, i-acetic acid njenge-stain remover, inokususa izithako ze-asidi e-organic kumabala, njengoko izithako ze-pigment kwiibala, Emva koko ngonyango lwe-oxidative bleaching, zonke zinokususwa.
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I-Acid-base neutralization ye-acetic acid kwindawo yokuhlamba kunye nokudaya
I-acetic acid ngokwayo i-acidic ebuthathaka kwaye inokungathinteli ngeziseko.
(1) Ekususeni amabala ekhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa kwale ndawo kunokususa amabala e-alkaline, njengamabala ekofu, amabala eti, kunye namabala eziyobisi.
(2) I-neutralization ye-acetic acid kunye ne-alkali inokubuyisela ukuguquguquka kweempahla ezibangelwa yimpembelelo ye-alkali.
(3) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acidity ebuthathaka ye-acetic acid kunokukhawulezisa ukusabela kwe-bleach kwenye yokunciphisa i-bleach kwinkqubo yokucoca, kuba i-bleach ethile yokunciphisa inokukhawulezisa ukubola phantsi kweemeko zeviniga kwaye ikhulule i-bleaching factor, ngoko ke, ukulungisa ixabiso le-PH. yesisombululo se-bleaching kunye ne-acetic acid inokukhawulezisa inkqubo ye-bleaching.
(4) I-asidi ye-acetic acid isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa i-asidi kunye ne-alkali yengubo yokugqoka, kunye nempahla yokugqoka iphathwa nge-asidi, enokubuyisela isimo esithambileyo sempahla yokugqoka.
(5) Ilaphu loboya boboya, kwinkqubo yokuayina, ngenxa yobushushu be-ayina buphezulu kakhulu, okukhokelela kumonakalo kwifayibha yoboya, isiganeko se-aurora, kunye ne-acetic acid ehlanjululweyo inokubuyisela izicubu zoboya, ngoko ke, i-acetic acid inokujongana nempahla. ngenxa ye-ayina i-aurora phenomenon.
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Kwiidayi ezinyibilikayo emanzini eziqulethe i-hydroxyl kunye namaqela e-sulfonic acid, amalaphu e-fiber anokumelana ne-alkali embi (njenge-silika, i-rayon, uboya), phantsi kwemeko yeviniga, ilungele umbala kunye nokulungiswa kombala wemicu.
Ke ngoko, ezinye iimpahla ezinokumelana ne-alkaline engalunganga kunye nokufiphala ngokulula kwinkqubo yokuhlamba zingongeza kwixabiso elincinci le-acetic acid kwi-detergent yokuhlamba iimpahla ukulungisa umbala weempahla.
Kulo mbono, i-acetic acid isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lokuhlamba kunye nokudaya, kodwa kwinkqubo yesicelo kufuneka ihlawule ingqalelo kule mibandela ilandelayo.
Kwimizila equkethe i-acetic acid fibers, xa usebenzisa i-acetic acid ukususa amabala, kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwi-acetic concentration ayiphezulu kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-acetate fiber yenziwe ngamaplanga, i-cotton wool kunye nezinye izinto ze-cellulosic kunye ne-acetic acid kunye ne-acetate, ukuchasana kakubi kwiviniga, i-asidi eqinile inokunciphisa i-acetate fiber. Xa amabala abekwe kwimicu ye-acetate kunye neendwangu ezineentambo ze-acetate, amanqaku amabini kufuneka aqatshelwe:
(1) Ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo koxinzelelo lwe-acetic acid ngama-28%.
(2) Amathontsi ovavanyo kufuneka enziwe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, musa ukufudumala xa esetyenziswa, hlambulula ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa okanye unciphise nge-alkali ebuthathaka.
Izilumkiso malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid zezi zilandelayo:
(1) Kulumkele ukudibana namehlo, ukuba udibane noxinzelelo oluphezulu lweasidi enegwele, hlambulula ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi.
(2) Ukuqhagamshelana nezixhobo zetsimbi kufuneka kugwenywe ukuvelisa i-corrosion.
(3) Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi kunye nokuhambelana kweziyobisi ze-alkaline kunokwenzeka ukusabela kwe-neutralization kunye nokungaphumeleli.
(4) Ukusabela okungalunganga kwe-acetic acid kuyacaphukisa, kwaye iyingozi eluswini kunye ne-mucosa kwiindawo eziphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2024