I-Acid-base neutralization ye-acetic acid kwishishini lokuhlamba kunye nokudaya kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusetyenziswa kwayo

I-Acid-base neutralization ye-acetic acid kwishishini lokuhlamba kunye nokudaya kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusetyenziswa kwayo

intshayelelo

Igama lekhemikhali ye-acetic acid yi-acetic acid, ifomula yekhemikhali CH3COOH, kunye nomxholo we-99% ye-acetic acid icwecwe ibe yimilo yomkhenkce ngaphantsi kwe-16 ° C, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-acetic acid ye-glacial.Acetic acidayinambala, iyanyibilika emanzini, inokudityaniswa namanzi kuyo nayiphi na imilinganiselo, iguquguqukayo, yiasidi ebuthathaka ephilayo.

Njenge-asidi ephilayo, i-acetic acid ayisetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kwi-organic synthesis, i-organic chemical industry, ukutya, amayeza kunye namanye amashishini, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukuhlamba kunye nokudaya ishishini.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid kwishishini lokuhlamba kunye nokudaya

01 I-Acid yokunyibilika umsebenzi we-acetic acid ekususeni amabala

Acetic acidnjengeviniga ephilayo, inokunyibilikisa i-tannic acid, i-asidi yeziqhamo kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-asidi ephilayo, amabala engca, amabala ejusi (afana nokubila kweziqhamo, ijusi yemelon, ijusi yetumata, ijusi yesiselo esithambileyo, njl.njl.), amabala amayeza, ioyile yetshili kunye amanye amabala, la mabala anezithako zeviniga ye-organic, i-acetic acid njenge-stain remover, inokususa izithako ze-asidi ephilayo kumabala, njengezithako ze-pigment kumabala, Emva koko ngonyango lwe-oxidative bleaching, zonke zinokususwa.

02

I-Acid-base neutralization ye-acetic acid kwindawo yokuhlamba kunye nokudaya

Acetic acidngokwayo i-asidi ebuthathaka kwaye inokungathinteli ngeziseko.

(1) Ekususeni amabala ekhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa kwale ndawo kunokususa amabala e-alkaline, njengamabala ekofu, amabala eti, kunye namabala eziyobisi.

(2) I-neutralization ye-acetic acid kunye ne-alkali inokubuyisela ukuguquguquka kweempahla ezibangelwa yimpembelelo ye-alkali.

(3) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-acidity ebuthathaka ye-acetic acid kunokukhawulezisa ukusabela kwe-bleach kwenye yokunciphisa i-bleach kwinkqubo yokucoca, kuba i-bleach ethile yokunciphisa inokukhawulezisa ukubola phantsi kweemeko zeviniga kwaye ikhulule i-bleaching factor, ngoko ke, ukulungisa ixabiso le-PH. yesisombululo se-bleaching kunye ne-acetic acid inokukhawulezisa inkqubo ye-bleaching.

(4) I-asidi ye-acetic acid isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa i-asidi kunye ne-alkali yengubo yokugqoka, kunye nempahla yokugqoka iphathwa nge-asidi, enokubuyisela isimo esithambileyo sempahla yokugqoka.

(5) Ilaphu loboya boboya, kwinkqubo yokuayina, ngenxa yobushushu be-ayina buphezulu kakhulu, okukhokelela kumonakalo kwifayibha yoboya, isiganeko se-aurora, kunye ne-acetic acid ehlanjululweyo inokubuyisela izicubu zoboya, ngoko ke, i-acetic acid inokujongana nempahla. ngenxa ye-ayina i-aurora phenomenon.

03

Kwiidayi ezinyibilikayo emanzini eziqulethe i-hydroxyl kunye namaqela e-sulfonic acid, amalaphu e-fiber anokumelana ne-alkali embi (njenge-silika, i-rayon, uboya), phantsi kwemeko yeviniga, ilungele umbala kunye nokulungiswa kombala wemicu.

Ke ngoko, ezinye iimpahla ezinokumelana ne-alkaline engalunganga kunye nokufiphala ngokulula kwinkqubo yokuhlamba zingongeza kwixabiso elincinci le-acetic acid kwi-detergent yokuhlamba iimpahla ukulungisa umbala weempahla.

Ngokwale mbono,iacetic acidisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lokuhlamba kunye nokudaya, kodwa kwinkqubo yesicelo kufuneka kwakhona ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo.

Kwimizila equkethe i-acetic acid fibers, xa usebenzisa i-acetic acid ukususa amabala, kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kwi-acetic concentration ayiphezulu kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-acetate fiber yenziwe ngamaplanga, i-cotton wool kunye nezinye izinto ze-cellulosic kunye ne-acetic acid kunye ne-acetate, ukuchasana kakubi kwiviniga, i-asidi eqinile inokunciphisa i-acetate fiber. Xa amabala abekwe kwimicu ye-acetate kunye neendwangu ezineentambo ze-acetate, amanqaku amabini kufuneka aqatshelwe:

(1) Ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo koxinzelelo lwe-acetic acid ngama-28%.

(2) Amathontsi ovavanyo kufuneka enziwe ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, musa ukufudumala xa esetyenziswa, hlambulula ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa okanye unciphise nge-alkali ebuthathaka.

Izilumkiso malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-acetic acid zezi zilandelayo:

(1) Kulumkele ukudibana namehlo, ukuba udibane noxinzelelo oluphezulu lweasidi enegwele, hlambulula ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi.

(2) Ukuqhagamshelana nezixhobo zetsimbi kufuneka kugwenywe ukuvelisa i-corrosion.

(3) Ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi kunye nokuhambelana kweziyobisi ze-alkaline kunokwenzeka ukusabela kwe-neutralization kunye nokungaphumeleli.

(4) Ukusabela okungalunganga kwe-acetic acid kuyacaphukisa, kwaye iyingozi eluswini kunye ne-mucosa kwiindawo eziphezulu.